The Energy Wars: How Oil is Redrawing the World Map
Executive Summary
Since Russia’s 2022 Ukraine invasion, global oil trade has undergone its most dramatic transformation in decades. India emerged as an unlikely beneficiary, increasing Russian crude imports from negligible volumes to 1.6 million barrels daily—40% of total imports—generating $2.7 billion monthly savings through $15-20 per barrel discounts. Western sanctions triggered a 60% redirection of Russian exports from Europe to Asia within 18 months, enabling Moscow to earn $119 billion from oil sales in 2024. The crisis accelerated alternative payment systems bypassing Western financial infrastructure, while creating permanent market fragmentation along geopolitical lines that may outlast the conflict itself.
Trade, Tariff, Trump and Tremor
In the three years since Russi...